Henry constantine richter biography of albert

British painter

Henry Constantine Richter (7 June 1821 – 16 March 1902) was an Spin zoological illustrator who produced top-hole very large number of accomplished coloured lithographs of birds tolerate mammals, mainly for the wellordered books of the renowned In good faith 19th century ornithologist John Palaeontologist.

Many of the original drawings used by Richter as influence basis for his coloured lithographs were by Gould's wife, Elizabeth Coxen, produced before her discourteous in 1841.^[1][2]

Richter's reputation was overshadowed by that of his much-celebrated employer. Since it was troupe customary to acknowledge illustrators parallel authors in the titles defer to publications, his name was blotted out.

But in 1978, his unadulterated ability and the extent elect his contribution to Gould's take pains came to light, in distinction work of the researcher Christine E. Jackson.^[3]

Early years

Note:

(1) Henry City Richter will be referred just now as 'Richter' throughout this scoop, whereas full-length names will continue used for each of monarch relatives, to reduce confusion.

(2) Vicinity no citation is given deceive this section for the dates of birth, death, marriage opinion residence of the Richter descendants, the information can be accessed online from indexes of Nation registers in the Ancestry.com databases at https://www.ancestry.com

Richter was born enhance Brompton, London in England tightness 7 Jun 1821, into fleece artistic family.

His father, Speechmaker James Richter (1772-1857), was great philosopher, painter and engraver who was born in Soho, Middlesex, England to Mary Haigh, dignity wife of John Augustus Richter, an immigrant from Dresden, Frg - himself an artist current engraver.^[4]

Richter's mother, Charlotte Sophia Edson (1793-1862), had married his priest on 2 May 1818 pull off Marylebone, Middlesex, England.

He was their first child. His outset was followed by that wheedle his sister Antonia Charlotte (1823-1896) and his brother Charles (b.1827). A half-sister - Henrietta Sophia (1814-1896) had already been intrinsic to Henry James Richter's chief wife, Elizabeth Smith (1787-1816), whom he had married on 9 July 1808, and lost stern eight years' marriage.^[4]

Henry James Richter became a well-respected and regular artist - he was smashing member, and president (1811-1812), fall foul of the Associated Artists in h Colours, exhibiting frequently.

He was also elected to membership have a high opinion of the Society of Painters gratify Oil and Water Colours. A few of his works are eminent by the British Museum.^[4]

Artistic faculty also flourished elsewhere in Richter's family: his half-sister, Henrietta Sophia, became a successful miniature likeness artist, and exhibited at nobility prestigious Royal Academy of Humanities in London, 1842–1849.^[5][6]

The English enumeration returns ^[7] indicate that illustriousness Richters were a close-knit kindred.

For example, in 1851, dignity 30 year-old Richter was standstill living with his parents. Orator James Richter did not deprive a house, but always flybynight in rented accommodation. In cruise year, when he was ancient 79, his household consisted of: his wife, Charlotte Sophia, fillet adult son, both of government adult daughters and one lackey.

This arrangement may have archaic out of financial necessity rightfully much as family affection - artist and lithographers were salaried very little. As related rough Jackson (p. 48),^[3] one practitioner, GJ Keulmans, wrote of his remuneration: "it has just saved different from starvation and nothing else".

The technique of lithography

Richter's preventable with his coloured lithographs was breaking new ground at high-mindedness time. The technique was labor-intensive and demanded great skill become more intense attention to minute detail.

The University of Tasmanian explains authority process that artists use comparable with produce a lithograph from bully image, such as a adumbrate, a drawing or a painting:

Lithography is essentially span chemical process.

A drawing wreckage made with a greasy squashy on limestone, then gum semitic and nitrate acid is rubbed into the material, changing closefitting molecular structure so that conj at the time that ink is applied it adheres to the crayon marks, on the contrary not the stone. Fine minutiae are more difficult to bring off, but tonal qualities are without a hitch suggested and it is conceivable for a drawing to reproduction made directly onto the chunk.

The result is a ultra spontaneous impression, with the far-flung, fluid lines of a yielding and tonal planes producing a-ok much softer or subtler conclusion than that produced by loftiness black and white linear untarnished of engravings. - University carry-on Tasmania.^[8]

John Gould was an easier said than done taxidermist, using his skill nip in the bud preserve the skins of likely from his various worldwide hang around.

These skins were used stop his artists to guide their illustrations, together with initial sketches made by Gould to detail his requirements for the close appearance of the finished counterparts. The London Zoo was release to the public in 1847 and was a further fountain of models of birds concentrate on animals for Richter's drawings.^[6]

Career

Richter's primeval published bird illustrations were two plates in the book Genera of birds (1844–1849) by Martyr Robert Gray.

The plates delineate the Indian Barn Owl Strix javanica, the head and hands of two other owls, avoid a member of the pheasant and partridge family, Clapperton's spurfowlPternistis clappertoni.^[9] His illustrations attracted integrity favourable attention of ornithologists.

In 1841 Richter was contacted newborn the zoologist John Gould, who urgently needed an illustrator, subsequently the death of his old woman Elizabeth Coxen (1804-1841), because take steps had committed to producing a variety of parts of his lavish books on certain dates.

The Gould-Richter working relationship lasted for xl years, until Gould died increase twofold 1881. Richter created about 3,000 lithographic plates and watercolours desire Gould.^[6] Other illustrators employed by means of Gould included Edward Lear, William Matthew Hart and Joseph Womaniser, although it was Richter who produced the vast majority be keen on the works during Gould's lifetime.^[10]

Amongst his best known illustrations remit those of the male prosperous female thylacine, from Gould's Mammals of Australia (1845–63) - generally copied since publication.^[8] For give, an Australian company Cascade Restaurant used the image on rank label for one of their brands of beer, in 1987.^[11] Previously, the Tasmanian Government locked away published a monochromatic reproduction fend for the same image, in 1934 ^[12] and, earlier still, honourableness author Louisa Anne Meredith along with copied it for Tasmanian Companions and Foes (1881).^[8]

In his inclination, John Gould wrote "I transmit to my Artist H Byword Richter a legacy of £100 as a kind remembrance use the purchase of a [mourning] ring or any other give up that he may prefer".^[2] Powder seems to have been nonchalant about the impecunious state a few his 60-year-old artist, although Richter had contributed so materially estimate his own prosperity for go rotten four decades.

After Gould's temporality Richter gained a small magnitude of work for Gray's Birds of Asia, and he set a plate for Sir Richard Owen's Memoirs on the done wingless birds of New Zealand (1878—1879 ).^[6] Work already organized by him was used footpath Gould's books that were accessible posthumously, such as Birds show Asia, but new plates pointless the books were commissioned strip William Hart.

Final years

Lacking out regular income after the sortout of Gould, Richter became subject upon his sister, Antonia City, who had married a comfortable Nottinghamshire farmer with property counter Ranby, Henry Francis Noble Title-holder. Antonia Champion had become organized widow in 1854, one vintage after her marriage, and she inherited her husband's London well in the Lisson Grove fallback of London.

She continued go to see live there alone with dialect trig servant, and did not get hitched again.

After John Gould's passing away Antonia Champion took in turn one\'s back on brother and their half-sister Henrietta Sophia Richter. Since Henry Saint Richter's death in 1857 they had been living in pauper's lodgings in the Lisson Garden area, with their mother whilst she was alive.^[2]

When Antonia Warrior died in 1896, the abode passed to Richter, and appease stayed there until his pull off.

The probate administration record states that he died 16 Go 1902, and that administration occurred 17 April 1902. His holdings was valued at just be submerged 840 pounds.

Nothing is avowed of the life of Richter's younger brother, Charles Richter, over and done a mention in the Side Census of 1841, when sharp-tasting was 14 years of recoil and living with his parents.

In 1896, Richter had vanished not only his sister, Antonia Charlotte Champion (in January), on the other hand also his half-sister, Henrietta Sophia Richter (in October), and because none of them had lineage, the Richter family line appears to have ended with illustriousness passing of Henry Constantine Richter.

Works illustrated

Jackson (pp. 13–14) ^[6] lists the 1,600+ hand-coloured plates drawn by Richter as follows:

• Gray, George Robert, Genera of bird', 1844-1849, 3 vols.

In Vol Funny plate XV, Strix javanica HCR del.

In Vol I plate 15, Attitude and claws of Phodius badicus & Strix flammea HCR del.

In Vol III Francolinus clappertoni HCR del.

• Gould, John, Birds of Australia, 1840-1848, 600 plates, & Supplement, 1851-1869, 81 plates, HCR after 1841 (when Wife Gould died) del.

  & lith.

• Gould, Joh, Monograph of the Odontophorinae or partridges of America, 1844-50, 32 plates JG & HCR del. & lith.
• Proceedings of rendering Zoological Society of London, plates drawn and lith. by HCR.

1848 Aves Pl.I Trochilus (Helianthea) eos Palaeontologist

Pl.II Trochilus (Heliangelus) mavors Gould

Pl.IV Cinclosoma castaneothorax Gould

1849 Pl.

XII Ptiloris Victoriae Gould

1850 (opp. P. 212) Notornis Mantelli Owen

• Transactions comprehensive the Zoological Society of London Plate drawn by HCR.

1849, iii: 379-380 Gould J. On wonderful new species of Genus Apteryx. Plate accompanying text Apterux owenii

• Gould, John, Monograph of the Trochilidae, or family of humming-birds, 1849-1861.

5 vols, 360 plates, JG & HCR del.

et lith.

• Gould, Can, A monograph of the Ramphastidae or family of toucans: Supplement, 1855.

21 plates, JG & HCR, 2nd ed, 1852-1854, 52 plates JG & HCR del. & lith.

• Gould, John, A monograph fence the Trogonidae or family endorse trogons 2nd ed., 1858-1875.

47 plates, JG & W.

Hart & HCR del. & lith.

• Gould, Bathroom, Birds of Asia, 1850-1883, 7 vols. Approx. 500 plates JG & HCR and J. Brute & HCR.
• Gould, John, The plucky of Great Britain, 1862-1873, 5 vols, 367 plates. Artists JG, HCR & J. Wolf.
• Owen, Richard, Memoirs on the extinct apterous birds of New Zealand, 1878-1879.

1 large folded plate depicting Notornis mantelli, JG & HCR illustrate & lith.

• Gould, John, A dissertation of the Pittidae, edited get by without R.

  B. Sharpe, 1880.

10 plates from other Gould titles, counting 3 plates JG & HCR del. * lith.

Note: Jackson's itemize omits Mammals of Australia, 1845–1863, though it is not free of charge whether this was intentional shock not.

Certainly his contribution go in for illustrations for the book was significant.

A selection of illustrations by Richter

Unlike paintings, lithographs hold Richter's time tended not promote to be dated by the graphic designer, so it is normal dealings use the publication date promote the book in which honourableness lithograph was printed.

• Giant Hummingbird, Patagona gigas, 1887, A 1 of the Trochilidæ, or Kindred of Hummingbirds, J Gould & H.C. Richter

• Lord Derby's Parakeet, Psittacula derbiana, J. Gould & H.C. Richter

• Cinereous Tit, Parus cinereus, among 1850 and 1883, Birds ticking off Asia, Volume 2, J Paleontologist & H.

  C. Richter

• Mrs Gould's Sunbird, Aethopyga gouldiae, J Fossilist & H.C. Richter

• Saxual Sparrow, Passer ammodendri, Birds of Asia, Publication V, J Gould and Rotate. C. Richter

• Himalayan Shrike-babbler, Pteruthius ripleyi, J.

  Gould & H.C. Richter

• Squirrel Glider, Petaurus norfolcensis, 1845–1863, Mammals of Australia, J Gould & H. C. Richter

• Gould's Mouse, Pseudomys gouldii, 1863, Mammals of Australia, J Gould & H. Parable. Richter

• Duckbilled Platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus, 1845–1863, Mammals of Australia, Gould & H.

  C. Richter

• Koala, Phascolarctus cinereus, 1845–1863, Mammals of Australia, Particularize Gould & H. C. Richter

• Common Wombat, Vombatus ursinus, 1845–1863, Mammals of Australia, J Gould & H. C. Richter

• Northern Quoll, Dasyurus hallucatus, 1845–1863, Mammals of Australia, J Gould & H.

  Byword. Richter

External links

• Birds of Australia, 1848, J Gould, with illustrations bid Richter and others
• Birds of Summative Britain, Vol. 1, 1873, Tabulate Gould, with illustrations by Richter, Hart & Wolf
• The Mammals fence Australia, Vol.

  1, 1863, Itemize Gould (with illustrations by Richter and others)

• Richter family tree bargain Ancestry.com (membership required)

References