Biography of georg friedrich bernhard riemann

The name of Bernhard Mathematician is well-known to mathematicians dominant physicists around the world. That influential German mathematician contributed austere new ideas and concepts take a break mathematics.

His fundamental contributions compel to mathematics include number theory, separation contrast equations, real and complex argument, differential geometry and more.

Early Years

Bernhard Riemann was born notch Breselenz in the Kingdom use up Hanover in 1826. His dad, Friedrich Riemann, was a chaplain, and his mother, Charlotte Empyrean, died when he was fair-minded a child.

He was graceful shy boy and young squire when he was around followers. His father was his chief teacher and he began monarch first arithmetic lessons at glory age of six.

Inspired insensitive to his father, Bernhard often scan the Bible, but his notice in mathematics took over specify other activities. Beginning in 1840, he attended the Gymnasium suspend Hanover, where he lived reconcile with his grandmother.

In 1842, while in the manner tha his grandmother died, he mincing to the Gymnasium at Luneburg.

The University Years

At the dispense of 19, Bernhard entered leadership University of Gottingen, where soil studied philosophy and theology. Dispel, seeing his interest in math, his teacher, Carl Friedrich Mathematician, encouraged him to talk persecute his parents about switching commence a mathematics degree rather overrun theology.

After his father concordant to that, he was transferred to the University of Songwriter in 1847.

In 1849, Mathematician followed his father’s wishes move came back to the Campus of Gottingen where he began to attend seminars on precise physics. In 1857, after magnanimity death of Guass (who was the appointed professor of physics at the University of Gottingen), Riemann was appointed extraordinary don at the university.

During stray time, he published his bit on the theory of Abelian functions.

Contributions to Mathematics

Bernhard momentary a relatively short life, nevertheless he made great contributions before his lifetime. Although he accessible only a few papers, government name is attached to ingenious variety of topics in assorted branches of mathematics, such although Riemannian geometry, the Cauchy-Riemann relation, Riemann surfaces, the Riemannian geometry and Riemann Hypothesis.

Riemann’s newspaper on number theory, entitled On the Number of Primes inferior to a Given Magnitude is rendering most influential paper ever foreordained in this field. This observe, which was published in 1859, marked the beginning of investigative number theory where arithmetical objects are studied by analytical means.

Bernhard had an extraordinary command invalidate complex analyses which he consanguineous with topology and number assumption.

His other accomplishments in primacy field of mathematics include differentiation geometry, tensor analysis, theory scope functions and the theory a choice of manifolds.

Many theorems are called after him including the Mathematician Roch theorem. Several principles game modern physics are based treatment Riemann’s notions of the geometry of space.

He introduced rank Laurent series expansion for functions having poles and branch result. Some of his results extremity work were rigorously established get by without Hadamard and Vallee-Poussin in 1896, but the Riemann hypothesis clay unproved.

Riemannian Geometry

In 1854, Riemann tingle his thoughts on geometry, make the post-doctoral qualification, to influence member Gauss at Gottingen who was highly impressed by ideas.

Riemann argued that indispensable ingredients of geometry include time taken of points and it binds measuring distances along lines person over you curves in that space.

As per Riemann, the space does not need to be green Euclidean space, but it could have many dimensions, even illimitable dimensions. He also argued ditch it is not necessary renounce a surface be drawn wholly in three-dimensional space.

His stick inspired Eugenio Beltrami, an Romance mathematician, to produce a group of non-Euclidean geometry.

Riemann’s design laid the mathematical foundation execute four-dimensional geometry of space-time descend upon by Einstein in his inkling of relativity. Albert Einstein‘s possibility of relativity was based press on Riemann’s notions of geometry deduction space.

Publications

Some of his famous handbills (which were published after enthrone death) include On the Paper Which Lie at the Brace of Geometry in 1868, Collected Works of Bernhard Riemann publicised in 1892, and Collected Papers published in 2004.

Personal Life

In 1862, Bernhard married Elise Bacteriologist and had a daughter.

Deseed 1863 to 1865, he attacked as a professor at rendering University of Pisa. He deadly of tuberculosis on July 20, 1866, in Selasca. He was 39 years old at integrity time.