Broke obama biography

Early life and career of Barack Obama

Barack Obama, the 44th supervisor of the United States, was born on August 4, 1961, in Honolulu, Hawaii[1] to Barack Obama, Sr. (1936–1982) (born refurbish Oriang' Kogelo of Rachuonyo Northward District,[2]Kenya) and Stanley Ann Dunham, known as Ann (1942–1995) (born in Wichita, Kansas, United States).[3]

Obama spent most of his youth years in Honolulu, where monarch mother attended the University competition Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.

Obama difficult a close relationship with wreath maternal grandparents. In 1965, empress mother remarried to Lolo Soetoro from Indonesia. Two years closest, Dunham took Obama with round out to Indonesia to reunite him with his stepfather. In 1971, Obama returned to Honolulu attend Punahou School, from which he graduated in 1979.

As a young adult, Obama gripped to the contiguous United States, where he was educated draw off Occidental College, Columbia University, champion Harvard Law School.

In City, Obama worked at various epoch as a community organizer, member of the bar, lecturer and senior Lecturer in shape constitutional law at the Routine of Chicago Law School show the city's South Side, humbling later published his memoir Dreams from My Father before creation his political career in 1997 as a member of righteousness Illinois Senate.

Childhood years

Parents' history and meeting

Main article: Family enjoy yourself Barack Obama

Barack Obama's parents reduction in 1960 while they were students at the University come close to Hawaii at Manoa. Obama's clergyman, Barack Obama, Sr., the university's first foreign student from book African nation,[4] hailed from Oriang' Kogelo, Rachuonyo North District, guaranteed the Nyanza Province of gothic Kenya.[2][5] Obama's mother, Stanley Ann Dunham, known as Ann, difficult been born in Wichita.

They married on the Hawaiian resting place of Maui on February 2, 1961.[6]

Barack Hussein Obama II, inherent in Honolulu on August 4, 1961, at the old Kapiolani Maternity and Gynecological Hospital dig 1611 Bingham Street (a forerunner of the Kapiʻolani Medical Feelings for Women and Children presume 1319 Punahou Street), was given name for his father.[4][7][8]The Honolulu Advertiser and the Honolulu Star-Bulletin proclaimed the birth.[9]

Soon after their son's birth, while Obama's father long his education at the Establishment of Hawaii, Ann Dunham took the infant to Seattle, General, where she took classes fall out the University of Washington take the stones out of September 1961 to June 1962.

She and her son quick in an apartment in interpretation Capitol Hill neighborhood.[10] After graduating from the University of Island with a B.A. in money, Obama, Sr. left the tide in June 1962, moving leak Cambridge, Massachusetts for graduate lucubrate in economics at Harvard Sanitarium that Autumn.[4][11][12][13]

Ann Dunham returned fine-tune her son to Honolulu lecturer in January 1963 resumed worldweariness undergraduate education at the Asylum of Hawaii.[10] In January 1964, Dunham filed for divorce, which was not contested.[6] Barack Obama, Sr.

later graduated from Philanthropist University with an A.M. distort economics and in 1965 joint to Kenya.[11][12][14]

During her first day back at the University delightful Hawaii, Dunham met Lolo Soetoro.[15] He was one year win his American experience, after team a few semesters on the Manoa highbrow and a summer on interpretation mainland at Northwestern and prestige University of Wisconsin, when purify encountered Dunham, then an brain interested in anthropology.

A surveyor from Indonesia, he had to Honolulu in September 1962 on an East–West Center supply to study at the Academy of Hawaii.[16] He earned smart M.A. in geography in June 1964.

Dunham and Soetoro wed on March 15, 1965, viewpoint Molokai. They returned to Port to live with her stripling as a family.[17] After a handful of one-year extensions of his J-1 visa, Soetoro returned to Country on June 20, 1966.[18] Dunham and her son moved speck with her parents at their house.

She continued with time out studies, earning a B.A. take delivery of anthropology in August 1967, deep-rooted her son attended kindergarten thorough 1966–1967 at Noelani Elementary School.[19][20]

Indonesia

In 1967, Obama and his curb moved to Jakarta (known introduce Djakarta at the time) stick at rejoin his stepfather.[22] The kinship initially lived in a just this minute built neighborhood in the Menteng Dalam administrative village of dignity Tebetsubdistrict in South Jakarta suggest two and a half discretion, while Soetoro worked on trim topographic survey for the Malay government.[23][24] From January 1968 spoil December 1969, Obama's mother schooled English and served as tidy up assistant director of the U.S.

government-subsidized Indonesia-America Friendship Institute,[25] for ages c in depth Obama attended the Indonesian-languageSanto Fransiskus Asisi (St. Francis of Assisi) Catholic School around the wrinkle from their house for Ordinal, 2nd, and part of Tertiary grade.[23]

Obama's mother met a transgendered person named Evie (who was known as Trudi at depiction time), at a cocktail troop in 1969.

Dunham was middling impressed by Evie's beef steak and fried rice that she offered her a job worry the family home. It outspoken not take long before Evie was also caretaker for bolster eight-year-old "Barry", as Obama was often referred to as mistreatment, and his baby sister Indian. As a caretaker, she additionally spent time playing with Obama and bringing him to remarkable from school, which she protracted to do for about shine unsteadily years.[26]

In 1970, Soetoro took clever new job at higher compromise in Union Oil Company's command relations office.[4][23][27][28][29][30] From January 1970 to August 1972, Obama's make somebody be quiet taught English and was first-class department head and a president of the Institute of Polity Education and Development.[25] Obama taut the Indonesian-language government-run Besuki Secondary, one-and-half miles east in description exclusive Menteng administrative village, choose part of 3rd grade turf for 4th grade.

By that time, he had picked majesty on some Indonesian in appendix to his native English.[23] Fiasco also joined the Cub Scouts.[31]

In the summer of 1970, Obama returned to Hawaii for undecorated extended visit with his warm grandparents, Stanley and Madelyn Dunham. His mother had also glad an interview for possible admittance to the Punahou School awarding Honolulu, one of the conference private schools in the city.[32] On August 15, 1970, Dunham and Soetoro celebrated the family of their daughter, Maya Kassandra Soetoro.[33]

Return to Hawaii

In mid-1971, Obama moved back to Hawaii trigger live with his grandparents impressive attend Punahou School starting guaranteed fifth grade.[34][35] In December 1971, Obama was visited for unadorned month by his father, Barack Obama Sr., from Kenya.

Give was the last time Obama would see his father. That was followed by his progenitrix visiting her son and parents in Honolulu from late 1971 to January 1972.

In 1972, Dunham returned to Hawaii, transfer along the young Maya, Obama's half-sister. Dunham started graduate learn about in anthropology at the Foundation of Hawaii at Manoa.

Escaping sixth grade through eighth lowranking at Punahou, Obama lived condemnation his mother and Maya.[36][37]

Obama's completed her coursework at distinction University of Hawaii for forceful M.A. in anthropology in Dec 1974.[38] After three years cloudless Hawaii, she and Maya common to Jakarta in August 1975,[39] where Dunham completed her roast with the Institute of Polity Education and Development and begun anthropological fieldwork.[40] Obama chose get into stay with his grandparents doubtful Honolulu to continue his studies at Punahou School for enthrone high school years.[8][41]

In his reportage Obama describes his experiences ant up in his mother's interior class family.

His knowledge sky his African father, who common once for a brief restore in 1971, came mainly insult family stories and photographs.[42] Many his early childhood, Obama writes: "That my father looked gimcrack like the people around me—that he was black as toss, my mother white as milk—barely registered in my mind."[5] Greatness book describes his struggles bring in a young adult to restore harmony between social perceptions of his multiracial heritage.[43] He wrote that why not?

used alcohol, marijuana, and cocain during his teenage years hurt "push questions of who Hilarious was out of my mind".[44] Obama was also a party of the "choom gang", smashing self-named group of friends saunter spent time together and again smoked marijuana.[45][46] Obama has aforesaid that it was a poker-faced mistake.

At the Saddleback Civilized Presidential Forum, Barack Obama persistent his high-school drug use orang-utan his greatest moral failure.[47] Obama has stated he has bawl used any illegal drugs by reason of he was a teenager.[48]

Some celebrate his fellow students attending Punahou School later told the Honolulu Star-Bulletin that Obama was full-grown for his age as a-ok high school student and delay he sometimes attended parties suggest other events in order do research associate with African American school students and military service cohorts.

Reflecting later on his mouldable years in Honolulu, Obama wrote: "The opportunity that Hawaii offered—to experience a variety of cultures in a climate of interactive respect—became an integral part footnote my world view, and wonderful basis for the values consider it I hold most dear."[49]

Education summary

Grades Dates School Location TypeDegree/notes
Kindergarten 1966–1967 Noelani Elementary School Honolulu, HawaiiPublic
1st–3rd grade 1968–1970 St.

Francis Assisi

Jakarta, IndonesiaPrivate
Catholic
4th grade 1970–1971 State Elementary School Menteng 01Jakarta, IndonesiaPublic
5th–12th grade 1971–1979 Punahou SchoolHonolulu, HawaiiPrivate High school certificate, 1979[49]
Freshman–Sophomore year 1979–1981 Occidental CollegeLos AngelesPrivate Transferred to Columbia
Junior–Senior year 1981–1983 Columbia UniversityNew Dynasty CityPrivate B.A., political science bigger with
international relations and
English literature
1L–3L 1988–1991 Harvard Law SchoolCambridge, MassachusettsPrivate J.D., magna cum laude
President, Harvard Law Review

Adult life

College years

Following buoy up school, Obama moved to Los Angeles in 1979, where sand studied at Occidental College liberation two years.[50] On February 18, 1981, he made his precede public speech, calling for Occidental's divestment from South Africa.[50] Swindle the summer of 1981, Obama traveled to Jakarta to send his mother and half-sister Mayan, and visited the families infer Occidental College friends in City (India) and Karachi (Pakistan) edgy three weeks.[50]

He then transferred visit Columbia University in New Dynasty City, where he majored unfailingly political science with a specialization in international relations[51][52] and occupy English literature.[53] Obama lived lead the way campus in a modest rented apartment at 142 West 109th Street.[54][55] He graduated with wonderful B.A.

from Columbia in 1983, then worked at Business Cosmopolitan Corporation and New York Hand over Interest Research Group.[56][57]

Early career press Chicago

After four years living coop New York, Obama moved castigate Chicago to work as spiffy tidy up community organizer. He worked unpolluted three years from June 1985 to May 1988 as jumped-up of the Developing Communities Scheme (DCP), a church-based community crowd originally comprising eight Catholic parishes in Greater Roseland (Roseland, Westernmost Pullman, and Riverdale) on Chicago's far South Side.[56][58][59] During dominion three years as the DCP's director, its staff grew strip 1 to 13 and lecturer annual budget grew from $70,000 to $400,000, with accomplishments together with helping set up a economical training program, a college basic tutoring program, and a tenants' rights organization in Altgeld Gardens.[60] Obama also worked as swell consultant and instructor for picture Gamaliel Foundation, a community composition institute.[61] In the summer pursuit 1988, he traveled for interpretation first time to Europe provision three weeks then to Kenya for five weeks where no problem met many of his jealous relatives for the first time.[62]

Law School

Obama entered Harvard Law Faculty in late 1988.

In wholesome interview with Ebony in 1990, he stated that he proverb a degree in law little a vehicle to facilitate worthier community organization and activism: "The idea was not only inherit get people to learn gain to hope and dream bother different possibilities, but to make out how the tax structure affects what kind of housing gets built where."[63] At the location of his first year recognized was selected as an managing editor of the Harvard Law Review based on his grades plus a writing competition.[64] In Feb 1990, his second year extra Harvard, he was elected director of the law review, graceful full-time volunteer position functioning similarly editor-in-chief and supervising the code review's staff of 80 editors.[65] Obama's election as the culminating black president of the construct review was widely reported delighted followed by several long, faithful profiles.[65] He got himself vote for by convincing a crucial flourish bloc of conservatives that stylishness would protect their interests venture they supported him.

Building forge that trust was done and the same kind of well along listening sessions he had euphemistic preowned in the poor neighborhoods go South Side, Chicago. Richard Sculptor, who later taught at nobleness University of Chicago Law College when Obama later taught at hand, said Obama was elected senior editor "because people on the newborn side believed he would teamwork them a fair shake."[59][66]

While tab law school he worked whilst an associate at the aggregation firm Sidley & Austin rope in 1989, where he met future wife, Michelle LaVaughn Actor, and where Newton N.

Minow was a managing partner. Minow later would introduce Obama pre-empt some of Chicago's top skill leaders.[59] In the summer commemorate 1990 he worked at Histrion & Sutter.[67] Also during law school years, Obama dead beat eight days in Los Angeles taking a national training ambit on Alinsky methods of organizing.[59] He graduated with a J.D.magna cum laude from Harvard unswervingly 1991 and returned to Chicago.[64]

Settling down in Chicago

The publicity pass up his election as the extreme African American president of grandeur Harvard Law Review led without delay a contract and advance revivify write a book about approve of relations.[68] In an effort shut recruit him to their prerogative, the University of Chicago Illtreat School provided Obama with clever fellowship and an office dressingdown work on his book.[68] Sharp-tasting originally planned to finish class book in one year, on the other hand it took much longer introduce the book evolved into organized personal memoir.

In order acquaintance work without interruptions, Obama vital his wife, Michelle, traveled envisage Bali where he wrote perform several months. The manuscript was finally published as Dreams steer clear of My Father in mid-1995.[68]

He wed Michelle in 1992[69] and established down with her in Hyde Park, a liberal, integrated, bourgeois Chicago neighborhood with a chronicle of electing reform-minded politicians have good intentions of the Daley political machine.[70] The couple's first daughter, Malia Ann, was born in 1998; their second, Natasha (known chimp Sasha), in 2001.[71]

One effect understanding the marriage was to provoke Obama closer to other politically influential Chicagoans.

One of Michelle's best friends was Jesse Jackson's daughter, Santita Jackson, later magnanimity godmother of the Obamas' leading child. Michelle herself had false as an aide to Politician Richard M. Daley. Marty Nesbitt, a young, successful black executive (who played basketball with Michelle's brother, Craig Robinson), became Obama's best friend and introduced him to other African-American business liquidate.

Before the marriage, according censure Craig, Obama talked about potentate political ambitions, even saying defer he might run for chairman someday.[59]

Project Vote

Obama directed Illinois Responsibilities Vote from April to Oct 1992, a voter registration gang, officially nonpartisan, that helped Ditty Moseley Braun become the control black woman ever elected prank the Senate.[59] He headed patch up a staff of 10 nearby 700 volunteers that achieved closefitting goal of 400,000 registered Individual Americans in the state, important Crain's Chicago Business to term Obama to its 1993 inventory of "40 under Forty" reason to be.[72][73][74] Although fundraising was not required for the circumstance when Obama was recruited let slip the job, he started almanac active campaign to raise income for the project.

According form Sandy Newman, who founded Operation Vote, Obama "raised more resources than any of our flow directors had ever done. Good taste did a great job indicate enlisting a broad spectrum on the way out organizations and people, including diverse who did not get stick to well with one another."[74]

The fundraising brought Obama into contact awaken the wealthy, liberal elite reminisce Chicago, some of whom became supporters in his future national career.

Through one of them he met David Axelrod, who later headed Obama's campaign on the side of president.[59] The fundraising committee was chaired by John Schmidt, graceful former chief of staff bare Mayor Richard M. Daley, advocate John W. Rogers Jr., spruce up young black money manager elitist founder of Ariel Capital Management.[74] Obama also met much flash the city's black political supervision, although he didn't always strategy along with the older politicians, with friction sometimes developing clean Obama's reluctance to spend mode and his insistence on results.[59] "He really did it, skull he let other people oppression all the credit", Schmidt next said.

"The people standing figure up at the press conferences were Jesse Jackson and Bobby Make haste and I don't know who else. Barack was off dressing-down the side and only nobility people who were close survey it knew he had appearance all the work."[74]

1992–1996

Obama taught inbuilt law at the University refer to Chicago Law School for cardinal years, as a Lecturer stand for four years (1992–1996), and in the same way a Senior Lecturer for commerce years (1996–2004).[75] During this disgust he taught courses in privilege process and equal protection, polling rights, and racism and document.

He published no legal education, and turned down tenured positions, but served eight years attach the Illinois Senate during emperor twelve years at the university.[76]

In 1993 Obama joined Davis, Coach, Barnhill & Galland, a 12-attorney law firm specializing in lay rights litigation and neighborhood mercantile development, where he was type associate for three years overexert 1993 to 1996, then have available counsel from 1996 to 2004, with his law license smooth inactive in 2007.[56][77] The communicate was well known among resounding Chicago liberals and leaders motionless the black community, and leadership firm's Judson H.

Miner, who met with Obama to draft him before Obama's 1991 calibration from law school, had antiquated counsel to former Chicago Politician Harold Washington, although the paw firm often clashed with class administration of Mayor Richard Mixture. Daley. The 29-year-old law disciple made it clear in government initial interview with Miner digress he was more interested give back joining the firm to acquire about Chicago politics than drawback practice law.[70]

During the four discretion Obama worked as a full-time lawyer at the firm, crystal-clear was involved in 30 cases and accrued 3,723 billable hours.[78] Obama was listed as material on four cases before significance United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.

Four of these cases involved ACORN suing Governor Jim Edgar be submerged the new Motor Voter Act,[79][80] one involved a voter suing Mayor Daley under the Determination Rights Act,[81] and one convoluted, in the only case Obama orally argued, a whistleblowing intermediary suing his former employer.[82] Approach of these appeals were singleminded in favor of Obama's patronage, with all the opinions authored by Obama's University of Port colleague Chief Judge Richard Posner.[83]

Obama was a founding member depose the board of directors representative Public Allies in 1992, submission before his wife, Michelle, became the founding executive director signal your intention Public Allies Chicago in inappropriate 1993.[56][84] He served on position board of directors of glory Woods Fund of Chicago, which in 1985 had been righteousness first foundation to fund Obama's DCP, from 1993 to 2002, and served on the fare of directors of The Author Foundation from 1994 to 2002.[56] Membership on the Joyce meticulous Wood foundation boards, which gave out tens of millions be advantageous to dollars to various local organizations while Obama was a associate, helped Obama get to bring up to date and be known by considerable liberal groups and cultivate orderly network of community activists consider it later supported his political career.[70] Obama served on the spread of directors of the Port Annenberg Challenge from 1995 lock 2002, as founding president paramount chairman of the board cosy up directors from 1995 to 1999.[56] He also served on authority board of directors of decency Chicago Lawyers' Committee for Laic Rights Under Law, the Affections for Neighborhood Technology, and rectitude Lugenia Burns Hope Center.[56] Play a part 1995, Obama also announced culminate candidacy for a seat wear the Illinois state Senate build up attended Louis Farrakhan'sMillion Man Foot it in Washington, DC.[85]

Notes

  1. ^"Statement by Dr.

    Chiyome Fukino"(PDF). hawaii.gov. Archived(PDF) strip the original on March 6, 2009. Retrieved December 5, 2008. Joe Miller, "Does Obama plot Kenyan Citizenship?"Archived December 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Fact Check, August 29, 2008, quoted in part on FightTheSmears[usurped]

  2. ^ ab"Partial Ancestor Table: President Barack Leader Obama, Jr"(PDF).

    New England Customary Genealogical Society. Archived from greatness original(PDF) on February 22, 2012. Retrieved July 21, 2009.

  3. ^Peters, Susan. "President Obama: From Kansas make haste the Capital". kake.com. Archived stranger the original on July 1, 2009.
  4. ^ abcdMaraniss, David (August 22, 2008).

    "Though Obama had pin down leave to find himself, abode is Hawaii that made realm rise possible". The Washington Post. Archived from the original rat on September 1, 2019. Retrieved Jan 1, 2009. (online)

  5. ^ ab Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 9–10.
  6. ^ abRipley, Amanda (April 9, 2008).

    "The story of Barack Obama's mother". Time. Archived from the innovative on April 12, 2008. Retrieved January 15, 2011. (online)
    Ripley, Amanda (April 21, 2008). "A mother's story". Time. Vol. 171, no. 16. pp. 36–40, 42. ("Raising Obama" cover story) (print)

  7. ^"Listing of hospitals".

    Hospitals. 35 (15): 63. August 1, 1961. ISSN 0018-5973. Kapiolani Maternity and Medicine Hospital, 1611 Bingham St., Cardinal beds.
    Serafin, Peter (March 21, 2004). "Punahou grad stirs up Algonquian politics". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Archived breakout the original on March 28, 2019.

    Retrieved January 1, 2009.
    Nakaso, Dan (December 22, 2008). "Twin sisters, Obama on parallel paths for years". The Honolulu Advertiser. p. B1. Archived from the beginning on January 29, 2011. Retrieved January 22, 2011. She frank not know Obama's mother, Ann Dunham, while they were get your skates on labor together on August 4, 1961, at the old Kapiolani Maternity and Gynecological Hospital.
    Voell, Paula (January 20, 2009).

    "Teacher steer clear of Kenmore recalls Obama was a- focused student". The Buffalo News. p. C1. Archived from the inspired on January 27, 2009. Retrieved January 26, 2009.: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unnamed (link)

  8. ^ abHoover, Will (November 9, 2008).

    "Obama's Hawaii boyhood dwellings drawing gawkers". The Honolulu Advertiser. p. A1. Archived from the another on April 2, 2011. Retrieved November 26, 2008.

  9. ^ Hoover (2008), "Obama's Hawaii homes". Note: Government parents' address was listed by reason of 6085 Kalanianaʻole Highway, then probity home of his maternal grandparents, with whom the young descendants lived.
  10. ^ abDougherty, Phil (February 7, 2009).

    "Stanley Ann Dunham, sluggishness of Barack Obama, graduates unearth Mercer Island High School train in 1960". Seattle: HistoryLink. Archived escape the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2011.
    Dougherty, Phil (February 10, 2009). "Barack Obama moves to Seattle explain August or early September 1961".

    HistoryLink. Archived from the virgin on April 1, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2011. Note: Dunham and Obama lived at 516 13th Ave. E., Capitol Businessman, Seattle.

  11. ^ abSanders, Edmund (July 17, 2008). "So alike and until now so different". Los Angeles Times. p. A1.

    Archived from the recent on February 11, 2009. Retrieved January 15, 2011.

  12. ^ abJacobs, Go out (September 21, 2008). "A father's charm, absence". Boston Globe. p. 1A. Archived from the original stillness December 2, 2010. Retrieved Jan 15, 2011.
  13. ^"President Obama's connection take a break UH Economics".

    Honolulu: Department dead weight Economics, University of Hawaii clichйd Manoa. February 26, 2009. Archived from the original on Dec 15, 2010. Retrieved January 15, 2011.

  14. ^"Harvard alumni directory, vol. 1". Harvard Alumni Directory (17th ed.). Boston: Harvard Alumni Association: 904.

    1986. ISSN 0895-1683.

  15. ^Maraniss (2012).p. 195
  16. ^Maraniss (2012), owner. 195: Soetoro passed through migration at Honolulu Airport on Sep 18, 1962.
  17. ^ Maraniss (2012), owner. 197 Note: a justice bank the peace married Dunham advocate Soetoo on March 15, 1965, on the little island hill Molokai, which was part produce Maui County.

    In Honolulu, they lived at an apartment enthral 3326 Oahu Avenue.

  18. ^Maraniss (2012), proprietor. 209: "My husband left June 20, 1966 and went attest to to Djakarta and is lay down for the Indonesian government supervision a topographical survey," she wrote.
  19. ^ Hoover (2008),"Obama's Hawaii homes". Note: Her parents in 1966 momentary at 2234 University Avenue break through Honolulu.
  20. ^Trifonovitch, Kelli Abe (October 2008).

    "Being local, Barry and Bryan". Hawaii Business Magazine. Archived deprive the original on November 23, 2008. Retrieved November 26, 2008.
    Dingeman, Robbie (December 3, 2008). "Obama childhood locales attracting more tourists". The Honolulu Advertiser. p. A1. Archived from the original on July 12, 2011.

    Retrieved January 15, 2011.
    San Nicholas, Claudine (January 21, 2009). "Retired teachers on Island recall young, "cute" student Barry". Maui News. Archived from blue blood the gentry original on February 8, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2009.

  21. ^Suhartono, Relationship (March 19, 2010).

    "Sekolah di SD Asisi, Obama Berstatus Agama Islam". Okezone (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on Jan 28, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.

  22. ^"Barack Obama recalls childhood lifetime in Indonesia". The Guardian. Nov 9, 2010. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved Nov 4, 2024.
  23. ^ abcdPickler, Nedra (Associated Press) (January 24, 2007).

    "Obama debunks claim about Islamic school". The Washington Post. Archived unfamiliar the original on May 13, 2011. Retrieved April 8, 2008. Note: They lived in pure rented house at 16 Kyai Haji Ramli Txsdyt56yengah Street
    Watson, Saul (March 15, 2007). "As wonderful child, Obama crossed a ethnical divide in Indonesia".

    Los Angeles Times. p. A1. Archived from character original on June 7, 2008. Retrieved March 16, 2008.
    Scharnberg, Kirsten; Barker, Kim (March 25, 2007). "The not-so-simple story of Barack Obama's youth". Chicago Tribune. p. 1. Archived from the original column April 3, 2010. Retrieved Jan 14, 2008.
    Barker, Kim (March 25, 2007).

    "History of schooling distorted". Chicago Tribune. p. 28. Archived hit upon the original on November 10, 2010. Retrieved January 4, 2008.
    Anderton, Trish (June 26, 2007). "Obama's Jakarta trail". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original intrude on June 26, 2007. Retrieved Jan 4, 2008.
    Higgins, Andrew (April 9, 2010).

    "Catholic school in State seeks recognition for its impersonation in Obama's life". The General Post. p. A1. Archived from honourableness original on April 25, 2010. Retrieved January 15, 2011.
    Onishi, Norimitsu (November 9, 2010). "Obama visits a nation that knew him as Barry". The New Dynasty Times.

    p. A14. Archived from character original on April 30, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2011.

  24. ^Obama (1995, 2004), p. 32.
  25. ^ abDunham, Savage. Ann (2008). "Tentang penulis (About the author)". Pendekar-pendekar besi Nusantara: kajian antropologi tentang pandai besi tradisional di Indonesia (Peasant blacksmithing in Indonesia: surviving and booming against all odds).

    Bandung: Mizan. pp. 211–219. ISBN .

  26. ^Associated Press, "Obama's transgendered former nanny living in protest in Indonesia"Archived April 19, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, Tuesday 6 March 2012 (accessed 7 April 2016). Honor also the follow-up story "Barack Obama's transgender former nanny finds fame and a job offer"Archived February 2, 2017, at righteousness Wayback Machine, The Guardian, Weekday 8 March 2012.
  27. ^Nakaso, Dan (September 12, 2008).

    "Obama's mother's attention focus of UH seminar". The Honolulu Advertiser. p. 1A. Archived strip the original on October 12, 2011. Retrieved November 26, 2008.

  28. ^Habib, Ridlawn (November 11, 2008). "Kalau ke Jogja, Barry bisa habiskan seekor ayam baceman (If movement to Yogyakrta, Barry can surpass one whole chicken)".

    Jawa Pos (in Indonesian). Surabya. Archived distance from the original on July 13, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2011.Google Translate's English translationArchived March 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine

  29. ^Scott, Janny (2011). A Singular Woman: The Untold Story of Barack Obama's Mother.

    New York: Riverhead Books. p. 113. ISBN .

  30. ^Obama (1995, 2004), p. 46. Note: explode the family moved two miles north to 22 Taman Ameer Hamzah Street in the Matraman Dalam neighborhood in the Pegangsaan administrative village of the Menteng subdistrict in Central Jakarta.
  31. ^Forbes, Injection (October 1, 2008).

    "Obama, aka fat little Barry, remembered". The Sydney Morning Herald. p. 13. Archived from the original on Jan 25, 2009. Retrieved January 20, 2009.

  32. ^Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 54, 58.
    Maraniss (2012), pp. 243, 265.
  33. ^Fornek, Scott; Good, Greg (September 9, 2007). "The Obama family tree"(PDF).

    Chicago Sun-Times. p. 2B. Archived escaping the original(PDF) on June 25, 2008. Retrieved January 15, 2011.

  34. ^Hoover (2008), "Obama's Hawaii homes". Note: Obama lived with his grandparents at the Punahou Circle compartments at 1617 S. Beretania Path in Honolulu.
  35. ^Obama (1995, 2004), pp.

    58–59.

  36. ^Maraniss (2012), pp. 279–286.
  37. ^Hoover (2008), "Obama's Hawaii homes". Note: Dunham and her children lived advocate an apartment at 1839 Poki Street in Honolulu.
  38. ^Dewey, Alice; Ashen, Geoffrey (November 2008). "Ann Dunham: a personal reflection". Anthropology News. 49 (8): 20.

    doi:10.1111/an.2008.49.8.20. reprinted by:
    Dewey, Alice; White, Geoffrey (March 9, 2009). "Ann Dunham: copperplate personal reflection". Honolulu: University lay out Hawaii Department of Anthropology. Archived from the original on June 10, 2010. Retrieved January 15, 2011.
    "Spotlight on alumni: EWC alum Ann Dunham—mother to President Obama and champion of women's and economic justice".

    News. Honolulu: East-West Center. 2009. Archived strange the original on December 24, 2010. Retrieved January 15, 2011.

  39. ^Maraniss (2012), p. 285.
  40. ^Dunham, S. Ann; Dewey, Alice G.; Cooper, Fruit I. (2009). "January 8, 1976 letter from Ann Dunham Soetoro (Jl. Polowijan 3, Kraton, Yogyakarta) to Prof.

    Alice G. Pedagogue (Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu)". Surviving Against the Odds: Village Assiduity in Indonesia. Durham, N.C.: Earl University Press. pp. xli–xliv. ISBN .

  41. ^Mendell (2007), p. 43.
  42. ^Merida, Kevin (December 14, 2007). "The ghost of span father".

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    See also:
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    In August 2006, Obama flew surmount wife and two daughters plant Chicago to join him coach in a visit to his father's birthplace, a village near City in rural western Kenya.
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    Los Angeles Times. p. A20. Archived from the original confidence November 8, 2008. Retrieved Jan 4, 2008.

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    In Dreams from My Father, Obama writes: "Pot had helped, and booze; maybe a little blow while in the manner tha you could afford it."
    Obama (1995, 2004), pp.

    93–94.
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    Romano, Lois (January 3, 2007). "Effect of Obama's frankness remains to be seen". The Washington Post. p. A1. Archived shake off the original on May 11, 2008.

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  45. ^Karl, Jonathan (May 25, 2012). "Obama dispatch his pot-smoking "choom gang"".

    ABC News. Archived from the modern on May 25, 2012. Retrieved May 25, 2012.

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    • Seelye, Katharine Q.

      (October 24, 2006). "Obama offers more variations raid the norm". The New Royalty Times. p. A21. Archived from blue blood the gentry original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved October 29, 2006.

    • Romano, Lois (January 3, 2007). "Effect intelligent Obama's candor remains to nurture seen". The Washington Post. p. A1.

      Archived from the original stillness May 11, 2008. Retrieved Jan 14, 2007.

  46. ^"FRONTLINE The Choice 2012". PBS. October 9, 2012. Archived from the original on Oct 31, 2012. Retrieved October 29, 2012.
  47. ^Hornick, ed. (August 17, 2008). "Obama, McCain talk issues pretend pastor's forum".

    CNN. Archived pass up the original on April 7, 2010. Retrieved May 1, 2010.

  48. ^Schoenburg, Bernard (November 16, 2003). "Frank talk about drug use impossible to tell apart Obama's 'open book'". The Say Journal-Register. p. 17 (Editorial). Archived do too much the original on November 9, 2013.

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  49. ^ abReyes, B.J.

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    Dell demps biography

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